Antibacterial and antifungal activity of curcumin and methylene blue associated with laser on bacterial and fungal strains

Objective:To analyze the effect of methylene blue and 10% curcumin in fungi and bacteria through an in vitrostudy using photodynamic therapy (PDT). Methods:Curcumin and methylene blue were photosensitized by a Photon Lase III laser applied for 90 s in a dark environment within a laminar flow chamber. Enterococcus faecalisand Candida albicans strains were cultured and standardized.Then, a minimum inhibitoryconcentration (MIC) assay was conducted for these photosensitizers, with concentration variations and incubation to evaluate their antimicrobial activity. Results:With PDT, Curcumin had significant antibacterial activity against E. faecalis (MIC = 250 µg/mL).In contrast, methylene blue had antibacterial activity against E. faecalis (MIC < 12.5 µg/mL with PDT) and antifungal activity against C. albicans (MIC <12.5 µg/mL with or without PDT).Both agents showed greater efficacy in the presence of the laser.The results suggest that curcumin and methylene blue associated with laser may effectively treat microbial infections. Conclusion:Further research is needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of using these agents in animal and human models and theireffectiveness against different bacterial and fungal strains.

Salmonella Heidelberg and Salmonella Minnesota in Brazilian broilers: Genomic characterization of third-generation cephalosporin and fluoroquinolone-resistant strains

Salmonella serovars Heidelberg and Minnesota encoding antimicrobial resistance to third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones are often detected in poultry/poultry meat. We analysed the genomes of 10 Salmonella Heidelberg (SH) and 4 Salmonella Minnesota (SM) from faecal isolates of Brazilian poultry. These featured virulent and multidrug-resistant characteristics, with AmpC beta-lactamase (blaCMY-2 ) predominance (9/14), for all SM (4/4) and some SH (3/10) located on IncC plasmid replicons. IncC carrying blaCTX-M-2 was only detected among SH (3/10). Mutation in the gyrA/parC genes was present in all SH, whereas SM harboured parC mutation plus qnrB19 on ColRNAI plasmids (3/4). In silico resistance overall corroborated with phenotypic results. Core genome phylogenies showed close clustering and high similarities between the Brazilian and poultry meat/food isolates from Europe, and to human isolates from European countries with documented import of Brazilian poultry meat. Conjugation assays with SM successfully transferred blaCMY-2 , and qnrB19 to an Escherichia coli recipient. The findings reinforce the ongoing antimicrobial resistance acquisition of SH and Minnesota and the risks for disseminating resistant strains and/or mobile elements which may increasingly affect importing countries and the need for controlling AMR in major poultry-exporting countries like Brazil.

Risco ocupacional: sinais e sintomas relacionados à exposição à fumaça cirúrgica / Occupational risk: signs and symptoms related to exposure to surgical smoke* / Riesgo laboral: signos y síntomas relacionados con la exposición al humo quirúrgico

Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência e a intensidade dos sinais e sintomas relacionados à exposição ocupacional à fumaça cirúrgica em trabalhadores da saúde e suas medidas de proteção. Método: Estudo transversal de caráter descritivo, desenvolvido com trabalhadores da área da saúde expostos à fumaça cirúrgica. A coleta foi realizada em setembro de 2021, em uma instituição de serviço terciário com característica oncológica e filantrópica e em um hospital universitário de alta complexidade. Resultados: A amostra foi de 155 participantes, a prevalência de sinais e sintomas: sistema respiratório de 55,45%, sistema ocular 43,22% e sistema nervoso 37,41%, com significância estatística para a intensidade de sinais e sintomas nos sistemas tegumentar (p=0,05) e nervoso (p=0,01). Conclusão: A maior taxa de prevalência dos sinais e sintomas foi nos sistemas respiratório, ocular, nervoso e tegumentar com significância estatística.

Objective: To identify the prevalence and intensity of signs and symptoms related to occupational exposure to surgical smoke in health workers and their protective measures. Method: Descriptive cross-sectional study, developed with healthcare workers exposed to surgical smoke. Collection was carried out in September 2021, in a tertiary service institution with oncological and philanthropic characteristics and in a highly complex university hospital. Results: The sample consisted of 155 participants; the prevalence of signs and symptoms was: respiratory system 55.45%, ocular system 43.22%, and nervous system 37.41%, with statistical significance for the intensity of signs and symptoms in the integumentary (p=0,05) and nervous (p=0,01) systems. Conclusions: The highest rate of prevalence of signs and symptoms was in the respiratory, ocular, nervous, and integumentary systems with statistical significance.

Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia e intensidad de lós signos y síntomas relacionados con la exposición ocupacional al humo quirúrgico em trabajadores de la salud y sus medidas de protección. Método: Estudio transversal descriptivo, desarrollado con trabajadores de la salud expuestos al humo quirúrgico. La colecta se realizó en septiembre de 2021, en una institución de tercer nivel com características oncológicas, filantrópicas y en un hospital universitario de alta complejidad. Resultados: La muestra estuvo conformada por 155 participantes, La prevalencia de signos y síntomas: Sistema respiratorio 55,45%, sistema ocular 43,22% y sistema nervioso 37,41%, con significación estadística para la intensidad de signos y síntomas en los sistemas tegumentarios (p=0,05) y nervioso (p=0,01). Conclusión: La mayor tasa de prevalencia de signos y síntomas fue en los sistemas respiratorio, ocular, nervioso y tegumentario con significancia estadística.

Classificação do risco para pé diabético em unidades de atenção primária de saúde em Divinópolis - MG: perfil de pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 / Risk rating for diabetic foot in primary health care units in Divinópolis - MG: profile of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Objetivo: Classificar o risco para pé diabético em pessoas diagnosticadas com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 em um município do Centro-Oeste de Minas Gerais, Métodos: Estudo transversal descritivo, exploratório, realizado em pessoas diagnosticadas com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2, vinculadas às Unidades de Atenção Primária de Saúde com maior número de diabéticos cadastrados no município, Resultados: Foram avaliados 150 participantes, A estratificação do risco demonstrou maior frequência no grau 1 (46%), caracterizada por ausência de sensibilidade, Observou-se prevalência de hipertensão, idade avançada, baixa escolaridade, uso de calçado inadequado, sinais e sintomas sensoriais e autonõrnicos. Conclusão: Constatou-se que a maioria dos fatores envolvidos no desenvolvimento do pé diabético podem ser prevenidos com a detecção precoce e o tratamento oportuno das manifestações clínicas, como também a educação em saúde dos pacientes e o cuidado adequado com os pés.

Objective: To classify the risk for diabetic foot in people diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a municipality the Midwest of Minas Gerais, Methods: A descriptive, exploratory cross-sectional study conducted in people diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, linked the Primary Health Care Units with the highest number of diabetics registered in the municipality, Results: A total of 150 participants, risk stratification showed a higher rate in grade 1 (46%), characterized by lack of sensitivity, It was observed prevalence of hypertension, advanced age, low education, inadequate footwear use, signs and sensory and autonomic syrnptorns. Conclusion: It was found that most of the factors involved in the development of diabetic foot can be prevented with early detection and timely treatment of the clinical manifestations, as well as health education of patients and proper foot care.

Objetivo: clasificar el riesgo de pie diabético en personas con diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en un municipio dei Medio Oeste de Minas Gerais, Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal, exploratorio realizado en personas diagnosticadas con diabetes tipo 2, vinculadas las Unidades de Atención Primaria de la Salud con el mayor número de diabéticos registrados en el rnunicipio. Resultados: Un total de 150 participantes, la estratificación de riesgo mostraron una tasa más alta en el grado 1 (46%), que se caracteriza por la falta de sensibilidad. Se observó Ia prevalencia de Ia hipertensión, edad avanzada, bajo nivel educativo, el uso inadecuado de calzado, 105 signos y 105 síntomas sensoriales y autonórnicas. Conclusión: Se encontró que Ia mayoría de 105 factores que intervienen en el desarrollo dei pie diabético se pueden prevenir con Ia detección temprana y el tratamiento oportuno de Ias manifestaciones clínicas, así como educación para Ia salud de los pacientes y el cuidado adecuado de los pies.